Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
Effective management of diabetes has always been contingent on our awareness of patients’ glucose levels. There has been a slow evolution in glucose-measurement technology over the last century. Benedict’s copper reagent test for urinary glucose became available in 1908, followed by the colorimetric technology of Dextrostix, patented in 1963 by Miles Laboratories Inc., and the electrochemical process of ExacTech introduced by Medisense in 1987, as examples.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have evolved more rapidly with a well-established evidence base documenting their value in individuals using insulin. Their potential impact among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who are not using insulin has been the subject of a series of studies in the past few years, culminating most recently in a key Canadian randomized controlled trial, the IMMEDIATE study.
References
Aronson R, Brown R, Chu L, et al. IMpact of flash glucose Monitoring in pEople with type 2 Diabetes Inadequately controlled with non-insulin Antihyperglycaemic ThErapy (IMMEDIATE): A randomized controlled trial. DOM. 2023 April; 25(4):1024–1031.
Yoo HJ, An Hg, Park SY, et al. Use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system as a motivational device for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Oct;82(1):73–9.
Cosson E, Hamo-Tchatchouang E, Dufaitre-Patouraux L, et al. Multicentre, randomised, controlled study of the impact of continuous sub-cutaneous glucose monitoring (GlucoDay) on glycaemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Metab. 2009 Sep;35(4):312–8.
Vigersky RA, Fonda SJ, Chellappa M, et al. Short- and longterm effects of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jan;35(1):32–8.
Bergenstal RM, Mullen DM, Strock E, et al. Randomizedcomparison of self-monitored blood glucose (BGM) versus continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to optimize glucose control in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2022 Mar;36(3):108106.
Cox DJ, Banton T, Moncrief M, et al. Minimizing glucose excursions (GEM) with continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. J Endocr Soc. 2020 Aug 18;4(11):bvaa118.
Price DA, Deng Q, Kipnes M, Beck SE. Episodic real-time CGM use in adults with type 2 diabetes: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther. 2021 Jul;12(7):2089–2099.
Moon SJ, Kim K, Lee WJ, et al. Efficacy of intermittent shortterm use of a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system in non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Jan;25(1):110–120.
Choe HJ, Rhee E, Won JC, et al. Effects of patient-driven lifestyle modification using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the randomized open-label PDF study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Oct 1;45(10):2224–2230.
Wada E, Onoue T, Kobayashi T, et al. Flash glucose monitoring helps achieve better glycemic control than conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 Jun;8(1):e001115.
Polonsky WH, Fortmann AL, Soriano E, et al. The AH-HA! Project: Transforming group diabetes self-management education through the addition of flash glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2023 Mar;25(3):194–200.
Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Ajjan RA, Choudhary P. Efficacy and safety of continuous glucose monitoring and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional evidence. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(1):169–179.
Ferreira ROM, Trevisan T, Pasqualotto E, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring systems in non-insulin-treated people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2023 Dec 13.doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0390. Online ahead of print.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Canadian Diabetes & Endocrinology Today
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
